rrdtool 用法與 cacti 設定對照 ( Part III )

延續 rrdtool 用法與 cacti 設定對照( Part II )
http://xrcd2.blogspot.tw/2012/12/rrdtool-cacti-part-ii.html
經過前二篇的介紹我們已經知道 cacti & rrdtool 的設定方式(原理)
與 rrdtool 的關連性,接下來我要介紹的是如何利用既有 cacti 的
 rrd 檔,再轉成如 MRTG 般的圖示,
如下圖示我們可以透過 Cacti Turn On Graph Debug Mode 將 圖檔
的 rrdtool 構成語法,顯示在 WEB 上

rrdtool graph 產出語法如下:

/usr/bin/rrdtool graph - \
--imgformat=PNG \
--start=-86400 \
--end=-300 \
--title='cacti - Traffic - eth0' \
--rigid \
--base=1000 \
--height=120 \
--width=500 \
--alt-autoscale-max \
--lower-limit='0' \
--vertical-label='bits per second' \
--slope-mode \
--font TITLE:10: \
--font AXIS:7: \
--font LEGEND:8: \
--font UNIT:7: \
DEF:a="/var/www/html/cacti/rra/cacti_traffic_in_21.rrd":'traffic_in':AVERAGE \
DEF:b="/var/www/html/cacti/rra/cacti_traffic_in_21.rrd":'traffic_out':AVERAGE \
CDEF:cdefa='a,8,*' \
CDEF:cdefe='b,8,*' \
AREA:cdefa#00CF00FF:"Inbound"  \
GPRINT:cdefa:LAST:" Current\:%8.2lf %s"  \
GPRINT:cdefa:AVERAGE:"Average\:%8.2lf %s"  \
GPRINT:cdefa:MAX:"Maximum\:%8.2lf %s\n"  \
LINE1:cdefe#002A97FF:"Outbound"  \
GPRINT:cdefe:LAST:"Current\:%8.2lf %s"  \
GPRINT:cdefe:AVERAGE:"Average\:%8.2lf %s"  \
GPRINT:cdefe:MAX:"Maximum\:%8.2lf %s\n"   



接下來依樣 山寨 為  perl rrdtool 的語法,產出如 cacti 中的 web 圖示

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use RRDs;
$rrd='/var/www/html/cacti/rra/cacti_traffic_in_21.rrd';
print "Start Creating Graph \n";
RRDs::graph "/var/www/html/eth0.png",
  "--imgformat","PNG",
  "--start", -86400,
  "--end", -300,
  "--title=cacti - Traffic - eth0",
  "--rigid",
  "--base=1000",
  "--height=120",
  "--width=500",
  "--alt-autoscale-max",
  "--lower-limit=0",
  "--vertical-label=bits per second",
  "--slope-mode",
  "--font","TITLE:10",
  "--font","AXIS:7",
  "--font","LEGEND:8:",
  "--font","UNIT:7",
  "DEF:a=$rrd:traffic_in:AVERAGE",
  "DEF:b=$rrd:traffic_out:AVERAGE",
  "CDEF:ab=a,8,\*",
  "CDEF:bb=b,8,\*",
  "AREA:ab#00FF00:Inbound ",
  "GPRINT:ab:LAST:Current\\:%8.2lf %s ",
  "GPRINT:ab:AVERAGE:avg\\:%8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:ab:MAX:max\\:%8.2lf %s \\n",
  "LINE:bb#0000FF:Outbound",
  "GPRINT:bb:LAST:Current\\:%8.2lf %s ",
  "GPRINT:bb:AVERAGE:avg\\:%8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:bb:MAX:max\\:%8.2lf %s \\n",
  "COMMENT:Designer XRCD2" ,
;
if ($ERROR = RRDs::error) {
   die "ERROR: $ERROR\n";
};
print "END \n";

當然也可以按照自己的想法加以變化如

或者


#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use RRDs;
$rrd='/var/www/html/cacti/rra/cacti_traffic_in_21.rrd';
print "Start Creating Graph \n";
RRDs::graph "/var/www/html/before4hour.png",
  "--imgformat","PNG",
  "--start", -14700, # 4*60*60+300 (換算成秒數的算法)
  "--end", -300,
  "--title=cacti - Traffic - eth0 (before4hour)",
  "--rigid",
  "--base=1000",
  "--height=120",
  "--width=500",
  "--alt-autoscale-max",
  "--lower-limit=0",
  "--vertical-label=bits per second",
  "--slope-mode",
  "--font","TITLE:10",
  "--font","AXIS:7",
  "--font","LEGEND:8:",
  "--font","UNIT:7",
  "DEF:a=$rrd:traffic_in:AVERAGE",
  "DEF:b=$rrd:traffic_out:AVERAGE",
  "CDEF:ab=a,8,\*",
  "CDEF:bb=b,8,\*",
  "AREA:ab#00FF00:Inbound ",
  "GPRINT:ab:LAST:Current\\:%8.2lf %s ",
  "GPRINT:ab:AVERAGE:avg\\:%8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:ab:MAX:max\\:%8.2lf %s \\n",
  "LINE:bb#0000FF:Outbound",
  "GPRINT:bb:LAST:Current\\:%8.2lf %s ",
  "GPRINT:bb:AVERAGE:avg\\:%8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:bb:MAX:max\\:%8.2lf %s \\n",
  "COMMENT:Designer XRCD2" ,
;
if ($ERROR = RRDs::error) {
   die "ERROR: $ERROR\n";
};
print "END \n";

再看一次 cacti rrdtool command

接下來就是自由變化的型態了,都已經變成圖檔了.要放在 web 變 mrtg 也行.

( 山寨 mrtg 示意畫面)

或者是更進階的自動產出 E-Mail 報表也行 (如日報 週報 月報 季報 年報...)也行

上面圖示中的 自動產出 E-Mail 報表 郵件程式抄改自

http://search.cpan.org/~teddy/Mail-Builder-Simple-0.16/lib/Mail/Builder/Simple.pm

#/usr/bin/perl
use Mail::Builder::Simple;
$png=' <img src="cid:logo" alt="logo"> ';
$mail = Mail::Builder::Simple->new;
 $mail->image->add('/var/www/html/eth0.png', 'logo');
 $mail->send(
  mail_client => { mailer => 'SMTP' ,mailer_args => {host => 'smtp.server.ip.address'}},
  from => ['cacti@xrcd2.com.tw', 'My Name'],
  to => ['mis@xrcd2.com.tw', 'Your Name'],
  subject => 'The subject with UTF-8 chars',
  plaintext => "Hello,\n\nHow are you?\n\n",
  htmltext => "<h1>Hello,</h1> <p>How are you?</p><p> 報表在下面看看吧 <p><p> $png </p>",
  #attachment => 'file.pdf',
  #image => 'demo.png',
  priority => 1,
  mailer => 'My Mailer 0.01',
 );


當然我們也可以透過玩 CDEF 的運算去玩變形的花樣



                                                                        正常版

變形版

正常版部份程式範列 ( perl )
print "Start Creating Graph \n";
RRDs::graph "/srv/www/htdocs/demo-v2.png",
  "--title=Traffic Demo V2",
  "--start", $begin,
  "--end", $endtime,
  "--interlace",
  "--imgformat","PNG",
  "--width=500",
  "--height=120",
  "--vertical-label=bps",
  "DEF:a=$rrd:a:AVERAGE",
  "DEF:b=$rrd:b:AVERAGE",
  "CDEF:ab=a,8,\*",
  "CDEF:bb=b,8,\*",
  "AREA:ab#00FF00: Traffic_In",
  "COMMENT:\\n",
  "GPRINT:ab:MIN: min\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:ab:AVERAGE: avg\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:ab:MAX: max\\:  %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:ab:LAST: last\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "COMMENT:\\n",
  "LINE:bb#0000FF: Traffic_Out",
  "COMMENT:\\n",
  "GPRINT:bb:MIN: min\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:bb:AVERAGE: avg\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:bb:MAX: max\\:  %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:bb:LAST: last\\: %8.2lf %s ",
  "HRULE:100000#FF0000: value > 100000  Warning",
  "COMMENT:\\n",
  "COMMENT:Last Updated $clock" ,
;
if ($ERROR = RRDs::error) {
   die "ERROR: $ERROR\n";
};
print "END \n";


變形版部份程式範列 ( perl )

print "Start Creating Graph \n";
RRDs::graph "/srv/www/htdocs/demo-v3.png",
  "--title=Traffic Demo V3",
  "--start", $begin,
  "--end", $endtime,
  "--interlace",
  "--imgformat","PNG",
  "--width=500",
  "--height=120",
  "--vertical-label=bps",
  "DEF:a=$rrd:a:AVERAGE",
  "DEF:b=$rrd:b:AVERAGE",
  "CDEF:ab=a,8,\*",
  "CDEF:bb=b,-8,\*",
  "CDEF:bc=b,8,\*",
  "AREA:ab#99FF99: Traffic_In",
  "LINE:ab#00DD00:Peak",
  "COMMENT:\\n",
  "GPRINT:ab:MIN: min\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:ab:AVERAGE: avg\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:ab:MAX: max\\:  %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:ab:LAST: last\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "COMMENT:\\n",
  "AREA:bb#00E5EE: Traffic_Out",
  "LINE:bb#0000FF:Peak",
  "COMMENT:\\n",
  "GPRINT:bc:MIN: min\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:bc:AVERAGE: avg\\: %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:bc:MAX: max\\:  %8.2lf %s",
  "GPRINT:bc:LAST: last\\: %8.2lf %s ",
  "HRULE:100000#FF0000: value > 100000  Warning",
  "COMMENT:\\n",
  "COMMENT:Last Updated $clock" ,
;
if ($ERROR = RRDs::error) {
   die "ERROR: $ERROR\n";
};
print "END \n";


透過這一篇的介紹,應該可以透過 DIY 的小程式,將線上運行中的 cacti 產出如
  mrtg 的網頁, 也可以 DIY 出 簡單網管 E-Mail 報表!

最後再想想透過連續這三篇介紹,將基礎打好,觀念搞清楚,再去玩 cacti 會更
了解一些,最簡單的說 cacti 只是用來簡化 rrdtool 的操作與設定.

但 cacti 的功能與強大之處,不是三言兩語可以說介紹完的. rrdtool 也是如此!
接下來如有時間我會再介紹 cacti 的 安裝.操作與使用....待續....

本 LAB 使用 cacti + rrdtool + perl + Mail 這四個要素.缺一不可.
Base on ( LAMP +P+R) 
Linux Apache Mysql PHP Perl rrdtool !